Alternative Toxicity of Phthalates

Studies on the toxicity of phthalates via ingestion.

Some recent publications have revealed the presence of phthalates in rather unexpected locations (1-4). Mayer (3) reported that di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate had measurable effects on the Daphnia, an accepted subject for studying the aquatic food chain in the environment. The ubiquity of phthalates has been well documented. Their presence in stored blood samples and in some...

CPSC Staff Toxicity Review of Two Phthalates and One Phthalate Alternative for Consideration by the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel - 2011

CPSC staffassf : a product's potential health effects to consumers under the Federal Hazardous Subs . : Act (FHSA). The FHSA is risk-based. To be considered a "hazardous substance" unde! 'SA, a consumer product must satisfy a two-part definition. 15 USC 1262 (f)(1 )(A). First, It must be toxic under the FHSA, or present one of the other hazards enumerated in the statute. Second, it must have th...

Alternative models for toxicity testing of xenobiotics.

The alternatives to whole-animal testing include endpoint assays, cell and tissue cultures, use of tissue slices, toxicokinetic modelling, and structure-activity relationships and databases. The use of in vitro systems (subcellular fractions, cell lines, primary cell cultures, tissue slices, organ cultures, etc.) as research tools in toxicology is widespread. In the past few years, the apoptosi...

Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures

Phthalates, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become ubiquitous contaminants worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and their mix...

Defining “Phthalates”